Septic or Sewer? How to Tell What Your Home Has

Why it matters

If you’re on septic, you’re responsible for maintaining the system, including pumping, inspections, and repairs. If you’re on sewer, your utility handles treatment, but you pay monthly sewer charges. Knowing which you have tells you what maintenance to plan for and what to check when buying or selling.

Five ways to find out

• Check your utility bill. A sewer or wastewater charge means you’re likely on public sewer. No sewer charge usually means septic.
• Look for lids or risers in the yard, typically a short distance from where the main drain leaves the house.
• Ask your utility provider whether sewer service is available at your address.
• Search permit records. In Knox County, request a file search from the Health Department. In TDEC-served counties like Loudon and Anderson, search TDEC’s online septic records.
• Ask the previous owner or your real estate agent, and ask for service records.

Common in East Tennessee

Homes inside cities like Knoxville, Maryville, and Oak Ridge are often on public sewer, while homes just outside city limits and in rural areas frequently use septic. Some suburbs have both, even within the same neighborhood, so don’t assume based on location alone.

If you find out you’re on septic

Start with the basics: find the tank, learn when it was last pumped, and set a maintenance schedule. See how often to pump and what not to flush.